Self-hosted PostgreSQL vs Supabase 对比

# Self-hosted PostgreSQL - WAL 归档 + PITR 配置(postgresql.conf)
wal_level = replica
archive_mode = on
archive_command = 'test ! -f /var/backups/pg_wal_archive/%f && cp %p /var/backups/pg_wal_archive/%f'
max_wal_senders = 3

# 创建基础备份(pg_basebackup)
pg_basebackup -D /var/backups/base -Ft -z -P -U replicator -h localhost

# PITR:恢复到指定时间点(recovery.signal + postgresql.conf)
# 1) 将基础备份解压到恢复目录
# 2) 在 postgresql.conf 中添加以下几行,并创建 recovery.signal 文件
restore_command = 'cp /var/backups/pg_wal_archive/%f %p'
recovery_target_time = '2026-09-23 09:00:00+03'

# pg_hba.conf - 仅允许应用服务器连接
host    appdb    app_user    10.0.0.5/32    scram-sha-256

-- SQL (psql):安装扩展(完全自由 —— 自托管特有)
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_cron;

# 连接池(PgBouncer, pgbouncer.ini)
[databases]
appdb = host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 dbname=appdb
[pgbouncer]
pool_mode = transaction
max_client_conn = 500
default_pool_size = 25

-- SQL (Supabase SQL Editor): 1) 创建表并开启 RLS(Data API 强制要求)
create table public.notes (
  id uuid default gen_random_uuid() primary key,
  user_id uuid references auth.users not null,
  content text not null,
  created_at timestamptz default now()
);
alter table public.notes enable row level security;

create policy "kullanicilar kendi notlarini okur"
  on public.notes for select
  using (auth.uid() = user_id);

create policy "kullanicilar kendi notlarini yazar"
  on public.notes for insert
  with check (auth.uid() = user_id);

// 2) 使用 supabase-js 查询(RLS 自动生效)
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js'

const supabase = createClient(
  process.env.SUPABASE_URL!,
  process.env.SUPABASE_ANON_KEY!
)

const { data: notes, error } = await supabase
  .from('notes')
  .select('id, content, created_at')
  .order('created_at', { ascending: false })

// 3) Postgres 客户端连接字符串(参见官方 "Endpoints and IP versions" 表)
// Direct connection(长驻后端、pg_dump、迁移场景):
// postgresql://postgres:[YOUR-PASSWORD]@db.[PROJECT-REF].supabase.co:5432/postgres
// Dedicated pooler(仅 transaction 模式,付费套餐可用):
// postgresql://postgres:[YOUR-PASSWORD]@db.[PROJECT-REF].supabase.co:6543/postgres
// 手动拼接连接串:从 Dashboard > Connect 页面复制(shared pooler 的 host 无法从区域直接推导)。