MVVM 与 The Composable Architecture(TCA)对比
iOS 领域两种最流行的架构模式正面对决:传统的 MVVM 与 Point-Free 出品的函数式 TCA。该如何选择合适的架构?
速度、隔离性与可靠的反馈循环
真实的组件交互,端到端验证
| 分类 | Unit Test | Integration Test |
|---|---|---|
| 性能 | 10/10 | 4/10 |
| 学习难易度 | 8/10 | 6/10 |
| 生态系统 | 9/10 | 8/10 |
| 社区 | 9/10 | 8/10 |
| 就业市场 | 9/10 | 8/10 |
| 面向未来 | 9/10 | 9/10 |
// Swift - Unit test örnekleri (XCTest + Swift Testing)
import Testing
import Foundation
@testable import MyApp
// Swift Testing framework (iOS 17+, WWDC 2024)
struct PriceFormatterTests {
@Test("Türk lirası formatlaması doğru olmalı")
func turkishLiraFormat() {
let formatter = PriceFormatter(locale: Locale(identifier: "tr_TR"))
#expect(formatter.format(1234.5) == "₺1.234,50")
#expect(formatter.format(0) == "₺0,00")
#expect(formatter.format(-50) == "-₺50,00")
}
@Test("Geçersiz fiyat negatif olmamalı",
arguments: [-1.0, -100.0, -0.01])
func negativePriceValidation(price: Double) {
let validator = PriceValidator()
#expect(!validator.isValid(price))
}
}
struct CartViewModelTests {
var sut: CartViewModel!
var mockRepository: MockCartRepository!
@Test("Ürün eklenince toplam fiyat güncellenmeli")
mutating func addProductUpdatesTotalPrice() async throws {
mockRepository = MockCartRepository()
sut = CartViewModel(repository: mockRepository)
let product = Product(id: "p1", name: "MacBook", price: 75000)
await sut.addProduct(product)
#expect(sut.totalPrice == 75000)
#expect(sut.itemCount == 1)
}
@Test("Aynı ürün iki kez eklenince miktar artmalı")
mutating func addSameProductIncreasesQuantity() async throws {
mockRepository = MockCartRepository()
sut = CartViewModel(repository: mockRepository)
let product = Product(id: "p1", name: "MacBook", price: 75000)
await sut.addProduct(product)
await sut.addProduct(product)
#expect(sut.items.count == 1)
#expect(sut.items.first?.quantity == 2)
#expect(sut.totalPrice == 150000)
}
}
// Mock implementasyonu
class MockCartRepository: CartRepositoryProtocol {
var savedItems: [CartItem] = []
func save(_ item: CartItem) async throws {
savedItems.append(item)
}
func fetchAll() async throws -> [CartItem] {
return savedItems
}
}// Swift - Integration test örnekleri
import XCTest
@testable import MyApp
// In-memory SQLite ile integration test
class UserRepositoryIntegrationTests: XCTestCase {
var repository: UserRepository!
var database: TestDatabase!
override func setUp() async throws {
// Gerçek SQLite in-memory database kullanıyoruz
database = try await TestDatabase.inMemory()
repository = UserRepository(database: database)
}
override func tearDown() async throws {
try await database.cleanup()
database = nil
repository = nil
}
func testCreateAndFetchUser() async throws {
// Create
let userId = try await repository.createUser(
name: "Ahmet Yılmaz",
email: "[email protected]"
)
// Fetch
let fetchedUser = try await repository.fetchUser(id: userId)
XCTAssertNotNil(fetchedUser)
XCTAssertEqual(fetchedUser?.name, "Ahmet Yılmaz")
XCTAssertEqual(fetchedUser?.email, "[email protected]")
}
func testDeleteUserCascadesToPosts() async throws {
let userId = try await repository.createUser(name: "Test", email: "[email protected]")
let postRepo = PostRepository(database: database)
_ = try await postRepo.createPost(title: "Post 1", userId: userId)
_ = try await postRepo.createPost(title: "Post 2", userId: userId)
// Kullanıcıyı sil
try await repository.deleteUser(id: userId)
// Kullanıcının postları da silinmeli (cascade)
let posts = try await postRepo.fetchPosts(userId: userId)
XCTAssertTrue(posts.isEmpty, "Kullanıcı silinince postları da silinmeli")
}
}
// Gerçek URLSession ile network integration test
class APIClientIntegrationTests: XCTestCase {
func testFetchPublicAPIData() async throws {
// Bu test gerçek ağ bağlantısı kullanıyor
// CI'da sadece network bağlantılı ortamlarda çalıştırılmalı
try XCTSkipUnless(ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["INTEGRATION_TESTS"] == "1")
let client = APIClient(baseURL: URL(string: "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")!)
let posts: [Post] = try await client.request(path: "/posts")
XCTAssertFalse(posts.isEmpty)
XCTAssertEqual(posts.count, 100)
}
}测试金字塔的理想比例:大量单元测试(70%)、少量集成测试(20%)、极少量的 UI/端到端测试(10%)。单元测试用于获得快速反馈,集成测试用于验证关键流程,二者应结合使用。不要用其中一种替代另一种,而应将其作为互补策略来运用。
获取免费咨询没有统一的数字标准。80% 以上的业务逻辑覆盖率是一个不错的目标。但比覆盖率数字更重要的是测试的内容是否正确,一味盲目追求 100% 覆盖率反而有害。